This article investigates the governing ideologies of the third and second plan of Development, by using Barrington Moore Jr. "Development program" Theory and also Robert Merton "Means and goals" theory, in order to show the rate of inconsistency between goals and means and also ideological conflict in these two plans. To gain this objectives, first, we explained social, cultural, economic and political principles of socialism and liberalism and then, used the method of content analysis for final goals, policies (middle goals), and provision (means) in these two plans. The results show that in both two plan. mostly the goals were socialistic and the means were often liberelistic.Also the rate of inconsistency between goals and means in the second plan was less than the first plan.

The establishment of the Israel regime in the Middle East caused ever-lasting conflict between the Arabs (Palestine) and Israel. Accordingly, the policies of the People's Republic of China, as one of the great powers, have been oriented from ideological protectionism before the 1980s to regional balancing after the 1980s. In this regard, the main question of the upcoming research is, what was China's position regarding the conflict between the Arab countries and Israel? The research hypothesis states that due to the influence of various political, military, ideological, economic, etc. factors, pragmatic policies have been the main indicator of China's response to this conflict. The findings of the research, which were obtained based on the descriptive-explanatory approach, indicate that China, influenced by the ideological element, while defending the cause of Palestine, condemned Israel several times and considered this state as the base for the West until the 1980s. It was introduced in the Middle East region, but since the 1980s, focusing on the economy in China's foreign policy, this country, while establishing diplomatic relations with Israel and maintaining ties with the Arabs, has adopted a policy of balancing power between the parties to the conflict. A fact that represents the transition of the People's Republic of China from ideological protectionism to regional balancing regarding the conflict between the Arab countries and Israel. In the framework of the balance of power theory, this research has analyzed policies and factors affecting China's policies regarding this conflict in two periods before and after 1980.

2Various researches have shown that Iran's educational system does not pay enough attention to cultural differences and mostly promotes the dominant and official national culture in an engineered way. The focus of these researches has been focused on the inputs of the educational system. The current research, relying on the mixed exploratory method, tried to examine both the inputs and educational processes in order to test the truth of this claim, whether such a claim is consistent with the reality in the educational system. In this way, in the qualitative part, first the teachers' lived experiences of the criteria that were considered for their selection and employment were analyzed (inputs), and then in the quantitative part, the teacher's success in the classroom was analyzed. It was predicted based on the mentioned criteria (processes). The findings of this research showed that scientific identity and ideological identity are valued in the recruitment of teachers, and because of this, criteria such as personal success, special privileges, and religious and moral foundations are put forward. However, it is only the teacher's personal success that can predict his success in the classroom. This shows that the ideological identity is only manifested in the inputs and is practically not institutionalized in the classroom and teaching processes. In this way, considering Iran's educational system as ideological does not match the realities of the educational system.

Terrorism is a violent action with special features; terrorists are different than other criminals too and it is not possible to judge them as crazy criminals or a person with deviant character or someone who is affected by the inappropriate financial circumstances. Terrorists are individuals with planed acts faced to the specific aims which are prompted by the ideological motives. In this thesis, we are not superseded to detect new reasons in the terrorism or a way to decrease its different causes as an ideological case, but we want to show how a theoretic structure can help organizing a system of acts and anxieties, and how this system will be useful in fulfilling specific aims. Terrorism is a violent action with special features; terrorists are individuals with planed acts faced to the specific aims which are prompted by the ideological motives. Terrorists are different than other criminals too and it is not possible to judge them as crazy criminals or a person with deviant character or someone who is affected by the inappropriate financial circumstances. Individuals, following a justified and in harmony with self-condition ideology acceptation, join a group. These gropes give them aims and tools for reaching what they want. These ideological justified aims and tools simplify doing any unconsumed and violent act for these people.

The theorists of the regional security complex belive that this complex is always conflict-prone based on a pattern of enemity relations due to three components: its being a conflict hotspot, its securitization of issues, and its special regional security context. It is for this reason that we have been winessing a pattern of enemity relations in deferent periods of time. After the 11 September attacks, when the terrorist groups were formed in the West Asia region, there occured a change in the pattern of enmity relations. The present article aims at generating a proper unserstanding of the effect of terrorism in changing the pattern of enmity relations in the security complex of West Asia. How has terrorosm managed to change the pattern of enmity relations in the West Asia? The method being used in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and internet as well. One of the most important findings of the present research is that although the military-type pattern of enmity relations has been extracted from terrorism, the phenomenon of terrorism has been made by the hands of foreign powers outside the region such as the United States and inside the region such as Saudi Arabia and the Zionist regime for balancing policy in the face of the Islamic Republic of Iran. As long as the countries of the region operate on the basis of the realsim paradigm and the Security Dilemma, they will not be able to resort to regional alliance in order to eliminate in the face of a few phenomena like terrorism. It follows that in order that a pattern of amity relations be formed, we are in need of the formation of regional alliances and elimination of religious and ideological differences.

This investigation examines the representations of Iran and the West in some news headlines concerning the reflection of the Iranian nuclear issue by BBC and CNN within a highly critical period in 2010 and 2011. The significance of this period lies in the fact that it coincides with the heat of nuclear negotiations, further economic sanctions and the inception of fresh economic reforms taking place in Iran. Benefiting from the principles of CDA and SFG together with some insights into the world of the mass media; this study attempts to identify differentiated representations of Iran and the West concerning the Iranian nuclear issue.

Modern or modernist ideologies, based on tbe understanding, which now runs almost as a consensus among the thinkers, replace traditional religions and are considered secular pieties. Nevertheless, compared with other pieties or allegiances, which attempt at replacing them, these secular pieties are faced with problems, inadequacies and difficulties. Most important among these difficulties is the inability of these ideologies to create social movements and to mobilize people politically, that is, to have extensive and sustained influence among them, and to make people willing to sacrifice. There are certain characteristics attributed to nationalistic secular ideologies. It is upon these characteristics that there is a discussion on power of these ideologies in creating social movements, and on potency of their historical influence. This article, through investigating the characteristic of nationalistic ideologies, argues that such a conception of secular ideologies is erroneous, in that instead of reasoning for its weakness.

IntroductionThe key terms “hegemony” and “counter-hegemony” were first suggested by Antonio Gramsci to describe the soft power in the hands of the ruling system. In Gramsci’s definition, hegemony is related to those discourses in which the ruling system’s values are included and attempted to gain the consent of people in a soft way. In contrast, counter-hegemony means those opposing discourses that stand against the hegemonic discourses and expresses the ideals of the people outside power. While Naipaul’s A Bend in the River reflects the dominant hegemony in colonial and postcolonial era, it is at the same time concerned with exposing the ruling values and producing counter-hegemony. Background of the StudyAlthusser was in search of the ideologies that help Capitalism live through human souls, and be dominant and omniscient in the citizens of his hometown. With the benefit of the constructive system of thought of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Jacques Lacan psychoanalysis and their combination with the traditional Marxism, Althusser was demanding an analysis of different ideologies that elegantly has framed the thoughts and ideologies of a society has satisfied them, and at the same time they are reproducing themselves in the same system. Althusser always had two main questions in his mind, which has framed his Marxist thoughts: first, how a society with reproducing its connections and relationships reproduces itself, and becomes stable through the passing of time; second, what makes the society ready for a social revolution.Methodology Althusser mentions two major mechanisms for insuring that people within a state behave according to the rules of that state: Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA) and Repressive State Apparatuses (RSA). ISAs are institutions which generate ideologies that individuals (and groups) then internalize, and act in accordance with. These ISAs include schools, religions, the family, legal systems, politics, arts, sports – organizations that generate systems of ideas and values, which we as individuals believe. Another is what Althusser calls the RSAs that can enforce behavior directly, such as the police and the criminal justice system. Although the ISAs appear to be quite disparate, they are unified by subscribing to a common ideology in the service of the ruling class; indeed, the ruling class must maintain a degree of control over the ISAs in order to ensure the stability of the RSAs.ConclusionThe main focus of the selected novel is confined to the reign of the "Big Man" and most of his methods for institutionalizing his ideological system by the help of ISAs. He is well aware that using force and violence alone cannot be done, so he resorted to indirect ideological methods to gain legitimacy and gain public satisfaction. These include projects such as "nationalism" and "extremism" whereby the property of citizens of the descendants of the Congo is confiscated. The government also launches a special kind of school and university, a quasi-modern educational system based on all-European models to train obedient and westernized young intellectuals who lack the creativity and power of analysis. In all of this, the President does not resort to force and RSA feeds such as prisons, police, army and European mercenary troops, wherever necessary, but secretly uses them as far as necessary. So as not to tarnish his image in the minds of his people. But the mistake that this coup dictator is making is that he cannot reproduce his ideology and address its weaknesses according to the needs of society, a principle which Althusser emphasizes. As a result, this method loses its effectiveness over time, and the revolutionary forces of the Liberation Army with their anti-modern ideology destroy all the gains of the former regime.

Rashid Vatvat is among the famous poets and writers of the sixth century and his Persian letters is one of the most brilliant examples of prose texts in the prose literature of his period. It is so prominent that in recognition of the individual style of writing, this period is so important. In this work he has provided a perfect structure with the use of bizarre word, similes, harmony and the harmony of form, content, and the order of the words. So he examines the style of his letters in the recognition of his intellectual, personality and artistic dimensions. On the other hand the study of different styles of authors and ports in the form of layered analysis is a new method that has developed the discussions of style more precise and more scientific. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to analyze and investigate the phonic, vocabulary, and syntactic layers of his Persian letters in an analytical descriptive way. In order to show the macro layers by dividing the layers into the layers of decomposition and analysis the use of text based music using abstract vocabulary, blazonry and highlighting of the words is the creative use of language elements (simile, metaphor, metonym), axial morality, visualization and conception in Persian letters as the main feature of the author's style.

The present article explores reasons behind the failure of the Jungle's Movement. According to this article the Jungle's Movement used to be an Islamic and a national movement before the Red Army interred Iran. The movement wanted foreign forces to leave Iran, the oppressive politicians to be brought to justice, and it also wanted the people to be able to achieve their rights. Little by little the idealistic revolutionary environment of the time and the existence of rebels among the members led to the alternation of the ideology that they had first begun with, and eventually it caused their failure